CHAPTER 1: HISTORY

SANGUINARY YEARS OF DESTINY

The end of 19^th century and the entire 20^th century became the period of the most terrible tortures, bloodsheds, fleeings, destructions, physical and moral genocide in life of Azerbaijanians in Armenia. From 2310 settlements, the villages located in the territory of modern Armenia in Irevan, Echmiadzin, Yeni Bayazid districts of Irevan-Aleksandropol province, Zangezur and Gazakh-Dilizan districts of Ganja of province, Lori-Pambey (district Borchali) district of Tiflis province 2000 belonged to Azerbaijanians. Armenian population generally has been moved in 1828-1830 and 1915-1918 from Turkey and Iran. This truth is confirmed also in “The dictionary toponyms of Armenia and surrounding areas” issued in Irevan University in 1986 and underlining that in more than 70 percent of the Armenian villages former inhabitants were immigrants of 1828-1829 from Turkey and Iran. N.I.Shavrov also writes about it in his book titled “New threat to Russian affairs in Transcaucasia”: “After the termination of war happened in 1826-1828 we moved to Transcaucasia 40000 Persian and 84600 Turkish Armenians during two years from 1828 to 1830 and installed them on the best state grounds in Elizavetnol and Irevan provinces... the most quantity of immigrants are Armenians: so, from one million 300 thousand of Armenians presently living in Transcaucasia, more than 1 million do not belong to aboriginals of territory and are lodged by us".

The statistical data from the annals “Caucasian calendar” confirm that Azerbaijanians lived in the territory of present Armenia much earlier than Armenians, e.g. in 1886 154 villages from 326 ones of Zangezur district of Ganja (Yelizavetpol) province were Azerbaijanian ones (45,7 %), 91 - Kurdish (27,8 %) and only 81 villages (24,8 %) belonged to Armenians.

In 1889 the Azerbaijan population of Zangezur district exceeded Armenian one for 1500 people. And in 1897 population of Zangezur made 142 thousand people whereby 71.2 thousand (50,1%) were Azerbaijanians, and 63,6 thousand (44,8 %) were Armenians.

Till 1920 in the Irevan district of the province included in Azerbaijan, especially in Irevan district, Azerbaijan population was much more. For example, from 99 thousand living in district, 62,6 thousand were Azerbaijanians (66 %), 36,4 thousand – Armenians (34 %).

In Echmiadzin, Yeni Bayazid and Surmalin districts of Irevan of province the Azerbaijan population were of two thirds.

On the data for January, 1, 1916 population ethnic structure of these territories again showed prevalence of Azerbaijanians. These figures evidently prove that in the beginning of 19^th and 20^th centuries the majority of local population in territory of modern Armenia made of Azerbaijanians.

Rather far from Armenian-Azerbaijanian relations but suitable to events objective professor from USA Justin McCart in his book “Did a genocide happen?” characterizing Russian colonial policy writes that twice in 1828 and 1854 Russian have made an attack on Eastern Anadolu, and both times local Armenians supported them. When in both cases Russian have been compelled to leave therefrom, together with themselves they brought to Caucasus 100 thousands of Armenians placing them in the houses of the expelled Moslems (in the province Irevan being now territory of the Armenian Republic, 80% of the population there were Moslems up to 1828). Continuing the idea, the professor writes: “Certainly, resulted figures can be inexact, and the additional object investigation is necessary. But we precisely know that from 1820 to 1920 approximately 600 thousand of Armenians has been moved on territory of Russian Empire, and two million Moslems have left from Russia”. And it is worthy explanation of the professor. The historical truth is that expansion of borders of Russian Empire has lead to inverse parity among peoples living on Caucasus and in Eastern Anadolu. The nations living here were tortured.

I assure you, everything, that I speak is quite truth. Though and short, but it is a history of human sufferings. As well as in most similar events, here are present neither heroes, nor executioners, only a victims. Human victims. For essence of question it is not important who they were, Turks or Armenians.

But this historical truth should not be objected. The place of the truth about human misfortunes was occupied with legend – the legend about severe Turks and merciful Armenians! In a legend immortalize the stories about troubles of Armenians, but it is never told about even big troubles of Turks. And not Armenians have believed in this legend as it is conformable to their representations about the wild Turk. In minds of Europeans, within five centuries testing, fear at a meeting of Turks, this Armenian legend has somehow managed to find a place”.

Having lost approximately for 1500 years its independence and statehood Armenians at the end of 19^th century and in the beginning of 20^th one have believed in false promises of Russia, England, France to help them in reception of autonomy in Turkey. But having failed to get it, as a result of the Armenian-Turkish conflict they moved to Caucasus, where they began to apply not for autonomy in Transcaucasia but establishment of the Armenian state, and on much more. They began to lay claim on creation of Armenia from the sea to the sea under the name “Great Armenia”. "Proofs" were necessary for this purpose that Armenians make the majority in the territory called as Armenia. However historic facts prove the contrary. And as investigation, result of Armenian-Turkish conflicts of 1894-1896 and anti Turk impulses became genocide of Azerbaijanians in Armenian-Muslim war of 1905.

MONSTROUS TRAGEDY OF 1905

In the beginning of 20^th century the Armenian nationalists have started to plan survive the Azerbaijanians from their ethnic lands. For this purpose all means exile with native places, murder, genocide were used. The first collisions beginning in Baku between Azerbaijanians and Armenians moved in Shusha, Zangezur, Irevan, Nakhchivan, Ordubad, Echmiadzin, in Javanshir and Gazakh districts.

The governor of Ganja informed on August 9, 1907 to Petersburg, that on “the hundred thousand troop of zinvors (the soldiers auth.) are sent to poor Azerbaijan villages. This army includes refugees from Turkey and, probably, all local bandits who just occupied to murder the people.

Unfortunately, there are not enough data on 1905 becoming especially tragical in destiny of Azerbaijanians in Armenia. In the Armenian sources of this year this event is fabricated, the true is replaced with lie, and in a history of Azerbaijan about them it is known very little. Even in Azerbaijan state historical archive there are not enough documents concerning by this period. The work by M.S. Ordubadi written on the basis of historical documents “Bloody years” (1911) forbidden for 80 years devoted to events of 1905, explains the reason of absence historical literature and archival materials of this period. Again issued in 1911 M.S.Ordubadi's book is the most valuable chronicle of a genocide of Azerbaijanians of Armenia in 1905. It is written on the basis of publications of that time, 245 letters, received from the contemporaries living in various places of Caucasus, personal observations of the writer.

The work is devoted to disorders on Caucasus in 1905-1907. There it is spoken about interethnic collisions, innocent blood, victims in Baku Ganja, Nakhchivan, Garabagh, in district Gazakh, Zangezur, in around of Geycha, Megri and other places.

The main conclusion from these bloody events is that the reasons of massacres and provocations, destructions of a peace life on Caucasus were crazy imaginations about Great Armenia which was the basic force of "Dashnaksutyun" party and executors of this fantasies.

To feel this true more deeply, to receive more details, it is enough to read what writes about events in Irevan, Echmiadzin (Uchkilse), especially about known Zangezur events in Aghrili-Gatar, Okhchu-Shabadin or in Gatar.

On June 9, 1905 Armenians have attacked the Azerbaijan village Takiya (district Echmiadzin). Moslems were completely unarmed, but Armenians were well armed. Therefore inhabitants left village, having taken wives and children, escaped in mountains. The Palace of Akhund Mohammed Ali Mirza Abdul-Hussein Gazizadeh where 200 Korans and other sacred books were kept was burned. His library with legal administration books has been destroyed. Armenians, stkinig Korans on bayonets lit them as torches. Suspecting, that Azerbaijanians are hidden in a mosque, Armenians have honeycombed its walls by bullets, having made their similar on beer cells. After that in district Echmiadzin it has been destroyed 9 known Azerbaijan villages, and the government has not accepted any measures.

On July 29, 1906 Armenians in Gafan have destroyed mine and attacked village Karkhana. Bombardment was conducted from different directions. Armless population under fire of five thousand rifles has been compelled to leave native places. To Armenians thirsting to blood was insufficient to destroy village, and, finding about 301 women who have hidden in shelter, they have brutally killed them. All horror is that the reason of detection and murder of women became the innocent baby Firuza, the daughter of Pakiza. Crying the unfortunate kid frightened by shots not stopping from different directions was not audible; mother has strong pressed the baby to herself. But the child, trying to escape from asthma, has unexpectedly lifted a head and has cried. Hearing his cries Armenians losing any shame rushed to women and killed them.

The same day Armenians destroyed villages Halaj, Saldashli, Ijevan, Dashnov and have finished with its population. Escaped, were rescued, finding a shelter in village Gatar.

But on August 1^st the Armenians armed up to teeth, having surrounded from different directions the village Gatar fired it. Praises of Russian officers to Armenians straightened with the population of village, remember today's fights in Garabagh.

Come in horror from the hailstones which has fallen on peasants of bullets one lezghin - policeman begged Russian officer Saharokva call to the aid taking place nearby Russian armies. Observing with feeling of satisfaction this tragical stage, Sakharov, not paying attention to him, has told: “You do not see, how accurately Armenians shoot. Good fellows!”

Though Armenians also have surrounded village from different directions, however, not having data on what force at besieged, were afraid of approaching to it. Sakharov sent 50 Cossacks and one uryadnik. Entering in village and having seen, that the majority here is armed, they have deceived them, having told: “You easy sit at home, the Armenian shots do not answer, certainly, then the government, carrying out investigation, will punish them”. It was next, dexterously arranged Russian dangerous trap.

The village Gatar has been surrounded from different directions with the Armenian villages and consequently its population did not wait for the help anywhere. Fights proceeded. On the side of Armenians participated 8 thousand armed people. In spite of the fact that severe fights went nine days, Armenians could not take the village. Being in escapeless position, inhabitants have sent the horseman in 30-35 km on south Zangilan with the request to help them these difficult days. But the last hope was gone after Zangilans replied, that “we cannot help you hope yourself”.

Such fact, that in defeat Gatars had a role and treachery of group of Iranian workers from Melik Azaryants' copper mine is also known. Once, saying “Ya Ali” they carried in village oil and dynamite, Gatars have decided, that these Moslems have brought it supplies. It appears, these ruthless people carried out the task of Armenians. Entering in village, they poured over houses oil, set fire to them and blew up by dynamite.

And though Gatar has been destroyed and it completely burnt, people therefrom had not left. By the evening Armenians have thrown on it bombs, but people could not expel. And only in the evening they escaped to Azerbaijan village Giratag situated in 10 kms to the north.

After the Armenian nationalists have destroyed village Gatar where in 750 houses 3500 person lived, they started sacking and destroying Azerbaijan villages located on bank of of the Okhchu river. Among them Okhchu, Shabadin, Araliq, Pirdavdan and Atgiz, considered as keys to district Zangezur.

Local dashnaks, having received the powerful military help from Aleksandropol (Gumri), Irevan, Abaran and districts Shoragel, in the beginning of August have gathered in Armenian villages Panysly and Kurdukan, situated near to village Okhchu. On August 9^th these groups armed with the advanced technical equipment have gone over to the offensive and have reduced to five above-named villages ruins. Executioners, not considering, that it elders, children, women, have chopped up a part of the population sabres. Then, on August 13, refugees saved from Armenian dashnaks-extortionists from these villages have found shelter behind rocks of village Saggarsu that was but the top road from village Pirdavdan.

World history not know anything similar to a volume, as it is severe, the Armenian nationalists have brutally finished with Azerbaijanians in Saggarsu. In order to inform up to the reader and accuracy historic facts, we give this awful picture how it was described by the author: Echoes of crying reached from stone tops entrenchments of Armenians. Rural aghsaggal Molla Hasan Efendi together with the family ran in Saggarsu. In village remained only ailing and who in the house did not have owner, i.e. women, already saw nothing whose eyes from an old age, death expecting with a dawn.

Hidden in Saggarsu poor, brought down with sense Moslems, having heard in the morning shouts «Ya Ali, Ya Ali» people going to their side, have solved, that this is Islamic army and, crying, rushed towards them. Appeared that Armenians who began to kill Moslems. Escaped in Ordubad countrymen with horror told about slaughter exposing to Saggarsu and four more Islamic settlements.

Covered in Saggarsu people were lost. Molla Hasan Efendi with crowd of women, having taken in hands the Koran, has left towards to Armenians, hoping to ask mercy in the name of the uniform god. But, despite of tears of women, these callous, not knowing the Koran, the Scriptus, brutally have killed them. Having taken away at Molla Hasan Efendi some sacred books and Korans, they burned them and, as torches stuck on bayonets. Survived on snow mountain tracks, barefoot and undressed have reached up to Ordubad and neighbouring villages where have found a refuge. Hospitable population of Ordubad seeing the sufferings were transferred with these people has surrounded with their special care.

Occurrence of unfortunate victims from Okhchu and Shabadin in the Ordubad where they have found a shelter has caused feeling deep compassion in local residents. For refugee houses, rooms have been allocated special places. In the beginning it has been rendered medical help to wounded men, their treatment is started. It, on possible, had been given in time using subjects of domestic use. With the divine help grown rich this little the city within one day has resolved all their basic problems. The groups from city and its suburbs the population for transportation of necessary quantity of medicines, the foodstuffs has been organized, animals for transportation of wounded men are prepared, shrouds and other necessary belongings have been prepared. Having grasped some tents, groups in evening on August 16^th 1906 have moved directly in mountains.

The first trip to gorge Gapak Ordubads made on August 1, 1906 in unfortunate, filled with blood Saggarsu. Despite of bad weather, group with the help of several conductors starts to study a vicinity. Having seen close from Saggarsu some holes, filled with blood, approach to them. From a strong frost these bloody holes have become covered by ice. People have stiffened for horror, having seen it. Between stones 62 corpses of children and women are against each other stacked with stacks. People could not to constrain sobbings. Soon therefrom, where there were corpses, came rustle. Attentively, having peered, they have seen the women without the consciousness, wounded in both legs between a life and death. The unfortunate woman came to the senses when removed the veil. That she has told, not ceasing to cry:

«When we, women, saw that how have chopped up venerable Molla Hasan Efendi, we rushed to this rock to hide. After murder Molla Hasan Efendi you see, what has made group of Armenians with the others? I was half visible because of a stone as to people was much, and all could not go in. Then some Armenians began to cut my legs which were visible. Time one Armenian in a grade, with a sword in a hand, having appeared in time, has prevented to kill (?) me and has left, having told to me that:

- «We on Caucasus had war with Moslems. But this war was not with Sunnits, and with Shiits. You, Sunnits, receive in revenge that Armenians from the Osmanli sultan suffered. All this slaughters were on fault of Osmanli Turks. How many to you, women, has not got sufferings, all the same it is no more, than torments of half of Armenian women in the countries Sasun, Zeyttun, Van the Osmanli state, got in slavery to Moslems and accepted Islamic belief ».

As wounds at the woman were serious, she was sent not to city but to Islamic Pazmeri village.

On August 18^th after morning Namaz the group is included into a wood where people disappeared. A little later they saw corpses of 25-year men and women. On an explanation of a conductor it is the husband with the wife chopped up together. Further group approached to a place of destruction shehid Molla Hasan Efendi. His body, little carpet for Namaz and other sacred subjects have been burnt. Hardly to the north of that place where have killed Hasan Efendi, the piece of an oriental carpet has been seen. All people have begun to cry, because, having removed it they have seen 15 babies cut off the head which persons seem alive, and bodies laying in the disorder. The huge amount of the decapitated bodies of children and women to the south rolled. The strong wind with high tops has covered corpses with a snow. But blood drops, flowed out from bodies with last breath of the killed sisters, looked at a snow it is similar to scarlet poppies, strongly attracted to itself. As it was impossible to dig tombs in mountains, all have buried in a wood, having covered leaves and branches of trees.

In one of houses, whence there was a smoke, in village Pirdavdan the body of the young man laid. To the right of a corpse there was a body of the old woman chopped up on pieces. As have told conductors, mother has not left the son wounded on war, for as her have chopped up near to him.

Truly the history repeats. Inconceivable in a history of a civilization the atrocities accomplished by Armenians in 1905, repeated since 1828 on 1920 and in 1988. Known writer M.S. Ordubadi saw the main reasons of bloody terror of the Armenian nationalists who have put before self the purpose i.e. revenge, in the following:

The first reason. Creation of despotic methods governing Armenian committee "Dashnaksutyun".

The second reason. Neglect local state officials during war by the duties. As during the First Russian revolution the central authority has been occupied with the problems, fine officials, showing arbitrariness, did not accept any measures for prevention Armenian-Muslim collisions. And if and took measures, that, being afraid of the Armenian terror, abstained from any action concerning one side, and in relation to another constantly acted disgracefully.

The third reason. Concerning conflicts is negligence Moslems, them uninformed about modern events. Ignorance by Moslems of a science and a politics resulted in misunderstanding of a position by them which government officials and occupied on Caucasus how Armenians used it. The reason of that Armenian-Muslim events were stretched out for a long time after the Baku tragedy, was, with one the sides, negligence Moslems, and with another the armless Moslems and absence of data about modern armless.

The forth reason. It is considered aspiration of Armenians to establish autonomies. It is not necessary to spend special efforts as it is the most convincing than the statement for the proof of it, made Armenians during their monthly trips to London, Paris, America.

Researches show, that not only the reasons and problems Armenian-Muslim wars, but also methods by which war is conducted, as well as scripts, are similar against each other.

Figures:

1. Burial-vault near to Irevan (17^th century). Isn’t stored.

2. A mosque in Irevan (19^th century). Isn’t stored.

3. A stone monument taken from the Aha Tavakkul’s sepulchre – This stone processed basing upon the Adejmi’s architectural principle has three circles symbolizing three phenomena i.e.the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. 12-arc ornaments exist inside each circle and spevify existence of 12 imams (i.e. domination of Islam over ground and heaven). The 9 octagonal stars at the edges of the stone symbolize inhabitance of 9 turk tribes in Daralagoz (Milly, Gandy, Samly, Aliganly, Shadmanly, Pusanly, Kulaganly, Farkanly, Bozlu, Hasanly). However, Armenians skillfully located one big and two little crosses on the left and right sides inside the octagonal stars in the lower part o the stone and the upper two circles instead of the ornaments in the upper side of oval-shaped stone. This part of the monument was put near to another monument with figures of “crosses” and its photo was taken. But the inscriptions on the foundation of the stone are fully destroyed. However, these hucksters o the history couldn’t armenize this monument. The attached photos of the original monument (at left side) and the falsified variant (at right side) are the blame to the Armenian falsification.

4. The Geuy Mesjid (Blue Mosque) in Irevan.

5. Inscriptions on the Pur Hosseyn burial-vault

6. The mosque in the complex of Sardar’s Palace. Irevan, 19^th century.

7. Internal view of the Sardar’s Palace. Irevan, 19^th century.

8. Wall inscriptions in Sardar’s Palace. Irevan, 1828.

9. Selim’s caravanserai. 1325-1326.

10. Destroyed graves at the Tokhmag cemetery in Irevan. The photo was taken in 1989.

11. The wall inscriptions on the Urud monument (Sisyan region).

12. Noblemen of the Irevan province. 1860.

BARBAROUS DESTRUCTION (1918-1920)

Upon establishment of three sovereign republics i.e. Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia in Transcaucasia the latter receiving independence for the first time during 1500 years ignored discussion in the international organizations of a question of disputable territories, specifications of the interrepublican borders, possessed by old ideas of creation of Great Armenia due to the Azerbaijan and Georgian grounds, has entered to the war with this purpose both with Azerbaijan and with Georgia.

In 1918 territorial claims Armenian dashnak state as was and earlier, have led peoples of Transcaucasia to bloody collisions, slaughter, and occurrence of refugees. How during this period the Armenian nationalists arranged bloody massacres as intensity in relations between the nations and republics was forced them, best of all it would be better to speak historical documents. For this reason we bring to attention of the reader only the facts telling about atrocities, accomplished dashnaks in territory, starting from Lori-Pambek district Shoragol up to districts Irevan province and from Ganja district to Zangezur province where the majority of the population consisted of Azerbaijanians.

The Armenian dashnak republic has received from allies Kars district, taken away it in 1918 of a part of province Erivan, etc., that has taken territory of Armenia up to 17500 English square of miles with the population 1.510.000 persons (795000 were Armenians, 575000 were Moslems and 140000 belonged to other nationalities). Not being content with it, dashnaks have declared claims for territories Akhalkala and Borchali, including in structure of Georgia, and on Garabagh, the Nakhichivan edge and a southern part. The provinces Elizavetpol, included in Azerbaijan.

By force attempts to attach these territories (during the English occupation of Transcaucasia) have led to war with Georgia (December, 1918) and long bloody struggle against Azerbaijan as a result of which the population of conflict districts was reduced to 10-30 %, and a number of settlements has been in a literal sense erased the persons from the ground.

V.I.Lenin, speaking about claims dashnak governments on creation of great statehood, wrote: «Aspiring to incite Turkey against the Soviet Russia and to break negotiations about an establishment of friendship, heads the Entente dramatized an attack dashnak Armenia to Turkey. Dashnaks took an aggressive position in relation to Turkey, dreaming about creation of "Great Armenia” with inclusion in its structure almost half of Asia Minor. On September 24, 1920 dashnak government started military actions against Turkey. In the beginning of war dashnak the army suffered one defeat behind another, and come Turkish armies in process of the promotion expelled peace inhabitants, ruined settlements, organized the Armenian massacres. The Turkish government has decided to take advantage of an adventuristic policy of dashnak to grasp territory of Armenia. War put finish Armenia to extreme limits of ruin and has put the population of the country before danger of utter annihilation.

In 1918-1920 during mass destructions from 575000 Azerbaijanians, living in territory of today's Armenia, 565000 has been killed and turned out. This figure Z.Korkodjan in the book confirms “the Population of the Soviet Armenia, 1831 - 1931.

After dashnaks by 1920 the Turkish (Azerbaijan) population consisted of more than 10000 persons in the Soviet Armenia. In 1922 after returning 60000 refugees Azerbaijanians were 72596 persons.

A. RESULTS OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR

B. RESULTS OF DASHNAK’S POLICY

Total 787.501

Having made the analysis of the population of Armenia after the period of the First World War, the author describes results of a policy of dashnak as follows:

In the other document the list of the population are specified on districts.

In the letter which written by the Prime Minister of the Azerbaijan Republic to chairman of Peace Parisian conference (on August, 16, 1919), table of ethnic structure Nakhchivan, Sharur-Derelez, Surmalin and districts Erivan is listed as following:

Apparently from the table, in all districts Azerbaijanians made the majority. As it was marked in the letter, in Vedibasar and Millistan, the parts of district Irevan transferred to the state Armenia, 90 % of the population were made by Moslems i.e. Azerbaijanians.

If to tell by words of the known statesman of Armenia A. Myasnikyan, Armenia at that time has really turned to the most severe, "most unfortunate" part of Transcaucasia. Industrial production in comparison with 1913 made 93 percent, districts under crops, in comparison with pre-war, - 23 %, quantity of large horned livestock - 70 %, efficiency has decreased three times, manufacture of fruit and a grapes for 85-90 %. In streets and waste grounds it was possible to see corpses of people. 25 % of the population was lost for famine and infections. 2 thousand persons had died in January, 1920 only in Irevan. In first number of the newspaper «the Banner of work» with anxiety was spoken that from each hundred 25 persons, on the average each hour - 1,6 of the persons died in 1919 in Irevan. The number of died Azerbaijanians in city has made 2241 persons, however this figure raises the doubts, as died Azerbaijanians was much more. They were buried in gardens, in mountains, therefore precisely to count up true quantity of victims is impossible."

On November 29, 1921 establishment of the Soviet authority in Armenia was executed. In article «Old and new Armenia » in the newspaper «Khorkhurdayin Ayastan», devoted to this event, A.Myasnikyan wrote: “What remained to our new Armenia from the period of board dashnak? Orphans and hundred thousand weakened children who have turned into skeletons, army of homeless refugees. New Armenia - the country of orphans and the refugees, overflown with grieves, we cry, mourning, distressing, the country reminding a hell”. Hardly before it, in the telegram sent to Moscow on June 29, 1920, S.M.Kirov informed, that hundreds communists in prisons of Armenia pined. In Zangibasar, suppressing mutiny, finished with the taken prisoner Azerbaijanians. They were shot on a place. White terror dashnak had no borders. Denikins led by colonel Zenkevich have come to the aid dashnak Mauser.

Nesterov, Chief of 28-th division, in the telegram, sent to the commander of 11^th Red Army (on September 22, 1920), informs that after the slaughter arranged dashnak, managed to be rescued refugees have lodged in district Nakhchivan. Their number reaches approximately 1 million (our allocation). Refugees are in very heavy conditions, live on open air, on bank of of Araz, naked, hungry, exhausted. Position of old men and children are especially heavy.

In autumn and winter every day perished approximately 500 persons, both famine, and severe colds could destroy them completely. It was necessary to take urgent measures. In the letters directed to delegates of 2^nd congress of Azerbaijan in Central Committee of Azerbaijan was in detail informed about it. They were informed that the number of the refugees who have arrived in Vedibasar, Zangibasar, Surmali, Echmiadzin, Sharur was informed, that, districts Daralayaz has exceeded 500 thousand persons. On all ways dashnak mausers scoffed at them. Now refugees are under threat of death. If the workers'-and-peasants' state does not render the urgent help, it would be impossible to rescue them.

In the letter sent on February 21, 1921 to an Administrative Department of the Council of National Commissioners Armenian SSR in the American Committee of the help it was spoken: By this time in Zangibasar 9450 Azerbaijan refugees have returned. They are in the heaviest position: are undressed and starve. It is necessary to create items of a feed where it would be possible to feed them even once a day. Otherwise they hardly will live about one summer.

Alongside with problems of restoration in Armenia the destroyed facilities, cares of development of a science, culture, A.Myasnikyan's national education paid special attention to strengthening of brotherly communications between peoples of Transcaucasia, to eradication of consequences of the ethnic animosity having a place here during board dashnak, returning of the Azerbaijanians who have run to their homeland i.e. Nakhchivan and Iran. On April, 27, 1922 he wrote to Iran: the Special commission engaged in this question, we ask to transfer the Azerbaijan refugees in Iran our request to return on territory of the Armenian SSR.

In the reciprocal letter directed to embassy to chairman of the Council of National Commissioners of Armenia A.Myasnikyan, it was spoken: “After consent Mironov has been received, last train with refugees has been sent to Armenia. In Merend and other districts remain about 900 refugees. There were serious difficulties with a putting in order, corresponding documents for homecoming these, the refugees living earlier in province Irevan. The assistant to the commissioner of foreign of Armenian SSR, Artashes Karinyan has put in the letter sent on July, 5 in Baku to Minister of Foreign Affairs Azerbaijan SSR M.D.Huseynov, wrote that: «With the passing of the representative on trade in Iran Pasha of khan Makin’s Azerbaijan refugees in the mass order go through Julfa to Armenia. These refugees i.e. inhabitants of Zangibasar, Gamarli and other districts with a view of prevention of distribution and increase in infectious diseases I ask to give the instruction to commissioner Nakhchivan temporarily to suspend this inflow of refugees ».

At session of Revolutionary-military committee of Armenia the question of a cancellation of the decision dashnak governments about confiscation of property of the Azerbaijan refugees was separately considered. In decisions it was recommended to cancel immediately the decision of dashnak governments about confiscation of property of the Azerbaijan refugees. To commissariats foreign has put also justices it was entrusted to prepare the special project for the statement on revolutionary-military committee on accommodation of the Azerbaijanians, wishing to return on the grounds.

With a view of strengthening of organizing and political work in republic among Azerbaijanians the revolutionary-military committee of Armenia has discussed one more question. A decision was accepted to enter Suleyman Nuri into structure of Revolutionary Committee of Armenia. In the same decision it specifies to inform in Baku to comrade Suleyman Nuri that he has immediately arrived in Irevan. In the report of the secretary of embassy of RSFSR on September, 16, 1921 it was marked, that refugees coming back to Armenia, passing registration in Russian Julfa, are sent homeland. For the decision of all questions connected to refugees, in Julfa the representative of Revolutionary Committee comrade Kengerlinski has been sent on business. Every day refugees from Khoy, Maranda and other places groups arrived to Tabriz, begging to send them homeland.

On November, 29, 1921. A.Myasnikyan in article «Red Army of Armenia », published in the newspaper «Khorurdain Ayastan », wrote: «Dashnak inspired the armies - plunder people, bring up hatred to Turkishes, Azerbaijanians destroy, try to recover each atrocity spirit khmbabet». In same article, A.Myasnikyan's with pride wrote, that to liquidations of the February adventure undertaken dashnak in Armenia, in a victory of the Soviet authority over republic active participation was accepted by Azerbaijanians, Armenians, aysors. As the best example of solidarity, fidelity, stability, a gain of a victory «the Red camp» Abasgulu Agha Shadlinsky serves. Azerbaijanians, Armenians, Russian, aysors have rallied in closer numbers, with the big diligence were united under the Red banner. In the telegram sent on April, 4, 1921 signed by Lebedinsky in intelligence community centre of 11^th Red Army, it was informed, that from the army parts consisting from Zangazur and Garabagh peoples, the group by number in 2000 persons and under leadership Yapon on March, 27, getting out Keshnishkand was separated, directed aside Boyuk Vadi. This group nearby to Boyuk Vadi has been compelled to battle with organized antidashnak Azerbaijanian forces taking place under command of Abasgulubey, and group Yapon has been rejected. Highly estimating merits Abbasgulu Shadlinsky in civil war, A.Myasnikyan has suggested to award with an award of "The Red star» all fighters from «The Red camp». Abbasgulu Shadlinsky, Ajar Sadikhov, Ibrahim Farzaliyev, Abbas Ajarov, Museyib Ahmed, Gasim Abdullayev, Gafar Aliyev, Jamil Mamedov, Ibrahim Rahimov, Mukhtar Ibrahimov, Najaf Aliyev, Khalil Mehdiyev, Abbas Zeynalov, Eyub Mamedon, Akper Aliyev, Novruz Ahmed, Anatoly Pavlinsky, Anatoly Veliyev, Vladimir Shubrikov, Konstantin Ajunsjan have been awarded with this award. Rewarding of fighters by the first awards of Armenia «Red camp» was result of the personal initiative of A.Myasnikyana. Under his offer active participants of civil war Musa Hasanov, Jalal Mirzayev, Ibrahim Babayev, Abbasgulu Abdullaev, Isа Tаhirov, Murtuz Aliyev, Tahir Jahangirov, to Safigulu Ibrahimov and others have received a rank red the guerrilla and Red Guards.

Azerbaijanians of Armenia actively participated not only in an establishment of new authority in Armenia and in struggle against dashnak, but also in clearing this country which they counted the native land, from foreign aggressors, from their armed attack. And despite of it, they constantly were exposed to robberies, robbery, exile, becoming refugees. In a seal of that period there are many tremendous facts about those bloody disasters dropped out on their share in 1918-1920. We shall pay attention to some from them. Armenian historian A.Lalayan in his work of "Counterrevolutionary" Dashnaksutun» and imperialistic war of 1914-1918 » writes:

«Voluntary movement is characterized by that dashnak groups led by blood-thirsty khmbabet (Andranik pasha, Amazos and others) showed a maximum of "bravery" in business of destruction of Turkish women and children, old men and patients. Occupied dashnak groups Turkish villages "were released" from alive people and reduced to the ruins filled with disfigured victims. One of dashnak "heroes" from N.Bajazeta-Bahram in 1920 as follows described "feats": «I have destroyed the Turkish population in Basarkechar (Basarkechar-one of districts of Armenia – and so on), Not understanding in anything, - "bandit" bragged dashnak. - But sometimes you regret bullets. The most true means against these dogs is that after fight to collect all escaped, to overflow wells them and from above to finish heavy stones that they did not begin more on light. I, - continued the gangster, - and have acted: has collected all men, women and children and has finished with them, having filled in stones wells where they before have been thrown by me... »

Thus, one of results dashnak voluntary movement consists in destruction of tens thousand workers the Turk ».

In notes (the Turkish information) Moslems of Yerevan province for Americans it is spoken:

«88 villages were destroyed, 1920 houses were burnt, 131970 men were killed » .

At the reader unfamiliar with conditions in Transcaucasia, these lines will be astonishing. Regularly, every day in a seal, it is especial in foreign, cries are distributed, as if Moslems scoff at poor, unfortunate Christian Armenian people, and is suddenly found out, that the violence is made not by Moslems but contrarily by Armenians.

«... In that day from Ganja there came two cable messages that the Armenian soldiers, passing border at Goycha, have attacked Moslems. Honor, a life, property and possession of 60 thousand Moslems are under threat of.

To ask Jamalyan, which now in Tiflis, and the Armenian newspapers, what this such? They, having pretended to deaf persons, will speak, that the Armenian nation destroyed. From this becomes clear, that Armenians, not being content with Armenia, dream of expansion of the borders. To put it briefly, Armenians of the Azerbaijanians have very much spoilt. They speak, what we did, you are silent. But if you are hardly, we to you such shall arrange... I shall not be and to upset further you, but recently Armenians and do not know, that want » .

«Truly, conscience - a good thing. If the persons does not have conscience from him all that you want it is possible to expect... One of these shameless persons, the main commander of the Armenian state, kum Andranik, again the beginnings in Garabagh to destroy Moslems. And the Armenian state closes eyes to it and makes signs only by hand. How builds a policy the Armenian state and that plans - there is no need to make comments.

This state declares, that on Caucasus there can be neither Georgia, nor Azerbaijan. Here only there can be Armenia. Or all Caucasus becomes Armenia, or something taking place in her subordination.

Extract from the report of the representative highland strips of the Muslim population of 5^th site Ismayil Sultanov for a name ganja the district chief:

«Since April, 13 of this year began invasion of armies of republic Ararat on peace Muslim settlements Goycha of district, It new - Bayazid district with the purpose to clear territory from the Muslim population living in east and northern suburb Lake Goycha and on present time 22 settlements with 60000 population were crushed, burnt and cleared. The unfortunate Muslim population ruthlessly perishes under cannon shots of the Armenian armies having the purpose to exterminate Goycha of Moslems, which they and execute; the horror covers the persons at a kind of such inhuman bloody acts of Armenians and the Armenian government to the former neighbors and the subject Moslems, not taking into account any requests, despite of entreaty and cries of the Muslim population. Come into the hands Armenian armies of Moslems for any blessings do not leave in alive, on the contrary, torture unprecedented tortures, kill wives, children, old men and young people, men, except for few women and teenagers of maidens, all condition of the population gets armies of hungry Armenia and shares proportionally, remaining in alive refugees are pursued by armies, the part which in small quantity has rushed in limits of 5^th site of district Ganja, inhabitants of 17 settlements run in highland a strip of district Javanshir. The others, that is inhabitants of 7-8 settlements huddle in gorges and snow tops of 5-th site of the district Ganja, pursued by the Armenian armies, got bogged down in snows and perish in weights the Problem of republic Ararat is already solved, more Moslems in district Goycha do not exist, on present time were destroyed in New - Bayazid district of 84 Muslim settlements, from them 22 settlements were destroyed between 13 - 20 dates of April, namely: Dashkand, Goshabulag, Sariyagub, Bash-Shorja, Ayag-Shorja, Soghangulu-aghali, Agh Kilsa, Zod, Gulu-Aghali, B.Garagoyunlu, K.Gara-goyunlu, Zarzubil, the Jan - Ahmadli, Inakdagh, the Gara - Iman, Kasaman, Bashkand, Kichik Mazra, Shish-Gaya, Bash Haji, Garib Gaya with the population more than 15 thousand houses which have left to the mercy of fate all condition getting nowadays to Armenians; the plundered property on some hundred part millions and even billions roubles. »

Pay attention to documents in the newspaper. "Georgia" which tells about the atrocities accomplished by Armenians in 1918 on the ancient Azerbaijan ground, territories of the district Zangazur "presented" to Armenians only on November 30, 1920.

The chief of district in the official report from October 30, 1918 results the list of the below-mentioned villages are included in 1 site from December, 1917 till August, 1918:

1.   In December 1917 Kurdlar was destroyed: damage of-150 thousand roubles.

2.   Aramis (Arafsa) too it is destroyed in December: 6 persons were killed, damage of 180 thousand roubles.

3.   During the same period Bahrili was destroyed: 9 persons were killed, damage of 100 thousand roubles.

4.   During the same period Dulus was destroyed: damage of 90 thousand roubles.

5.   In January 1918 Garakilsa was destroyed: 165 persons were killed, damage of 300 thousand roubles.

6.   During the same period, Pulkand was destroyed: 19 persons were killed, damage of 160 thousand roubles.

7.   In April Arigli was destroyed: 25 persons were killed, damage of 128 thousand persons

8.   In April Dastakert: damage of 100 thousand roubles.

9.   By S.Shyhlar was destroyed in June of the same year: 95 persons were killed, damage of 500 thousand roubles.

10.  During same time, Zabazadur was destroyed: damage of 90 thousand roubles.

11.  By S.Sheki it is destroyed in August: 95 persons were killed, damage of 16 million roubles.

12.  S.Yagublu - in August of the same year: 28 persons were killed, damage - 6 million roubles.

13.  S.Giziljig - in August: 27 persons it is killed, damage __________  5 million roubles.

14.  S.Vagudi - in August: 96 persons were killed, damage of 13 million roubles.

15.  By S.Sisyan it is destroyed in September of the same year: 60 persons were killed, damage of 800 thousand roubles.

As appears from these documents, only in the district Sisiyan entering on present administrative division to Armenia, within 9 months in destroyed 15 villages 625 persons has been killed, the caused damage has made 51390.000 roubles.

In the telegram received on January, 10, 1919 by the Council of Ministers of the Azerbaijan Republic from chief Zangazur of district Malika Namazaliyev was said, that «In Abdallar I have met the English commission under the direction of the major of the Gibbon. Here at participation of the Armenian and Muslim deputies on the basis of the order of general Thomson, the commander allied armies, the decision to suspend any sort hostile activity between Armenians and Moslems was accepted and to create a normal life. About what has been informed to the population. After that Armenians imperceptibly on highway came back in Shusha and Goris. It can confirm representation. And Armenians led by group Andranik, having broken the promise, have destroyed 30 Muslim villages, fired them and have appropriated property. Everything not had time to escape people, irrespective of a floor and age, have been brutally killed. About it the message has been given. In three days after I have met the Gibbon and saw off him, I have received news from police officer that Armenians have destroyed a part of inhabitants Razdara 4^th site, and village have razed to the ground. Such brutal destruction of Moslems on eyes at representatives of great powers remained unpunished. Armenians dump all faults for it on group Andranik and the Armenian refugees from Turkey.

The purpose of all told consists in definition of the basic directions of strategic plans of the Armenian nationalists. The main direction expanding anti-Turkish, anti-Azerbaijan movement to wage war revenges and in such way to create illusory Great Armenia.

Thousand the massacres organized dashnak by Armenia in 1918-1920, in the best way testify to it. In article under heading the "republic Ararat", published in newspaper "Azerbaijan", this purpose was promulgated. It was written in newspaper «Seven days ago there has arrived to us in the Gara - Iman peasant Gulu and informed, that the Armenian group, under leadership of officers Filimov and Nishanyov, settlements Gizil Vang, Subasan and Zagali at night have been surrounded. All men under a pretext, that they are demanded by police officer, have trapped, and began to plunder these villages. Peasants begged and asked them, that they are ready to execute everything that from them will demand, if only them have released. They were answered: if we shall destroy two and three settlements Muslim, we all the same shall not be saturated with revenge. Even if does not begin and 30 same villages it of anything in comparison with blood and victims, which Armenians have incurred even on one of insignificant streets in Baku during September events.

4 days prior to route of these three villages in settlement Chamurlu has been killed by Armenians of 4 men and 6 women, and at men heads have been cut off, and at women breasts have been cut out. We have buried them.

Peasant woman of the settlements of Sharaba who was mocked, informed, that in village Sharab all men, children burned in “tandir” are cut out, then from all village have chosen 8 women who have kept twenty days, having dishonored and having disgraced them, and then set at liberty».

In the report of the governor of Ganja describing heavy position of the Muslim population, it is spoken, that atrocities of them do not know borders, behind them all horrors of the gloomy Middle Ages turn pale. It would not be desirable to trust, that in 20^th century there is people has sounded across all Europe about culture which applies all receptions of savages to the defenseless peace population. It is hard to write these lines under impression of those horrors which have echoes in daily official reports and the reports got from all ends of province, women everywhere are forced, children are burnt on fires, tongues, ears, are cut out, torture, mockery around.

... Stopping the report on the Armenian statements and atrocities, I add, that in one district Zangazur it is crushed and plundered 105 (hundred five) settlements, the list which I put» .

In article «War with Moslems, Armenians again attack » "Scotland-Liddel (Tiflis, on January, 30, 1919) was written: «Armenia eternally searches collisions and when it achieves it, it in the propagation names «oppression that is actually quite deserved punishment ». For dashnak the killed Armenian always is valuable. If as it is necessary to use such case it can bring many benefits to business of propagation. Speaking words Nuri Pasha, with which I recently had conversation: «When the Armenian has been killed, he rises and shouts - I have been killed during beatings ».

In same article the following is spoken: «In the present performance in Zangazur Armenians do not doubt of the time success. The most part of their active armed forces served earlier in Russian army, the Azerbaijan armies will consist almost exclusively of young recruits. But this success cannot be long: Armenians not only are not right, they also in minority. But the day will come when all Moslems would rise as one persons against the oppressors and when this day would come, nothing can rescue Armenian people».

«During Menshevist board in Georgia Armenians, and Armenians during time dashnak boards unpunishedly were pursued exterminated Moslems. Because the desire of the American and European "patrons" following a principle «was those Divide and dominate».

«Destruction of Azerbaijanians by Armenians began for a long time, has been lifted on a level of a state policy and has left for limits of Azerbaijan. Whether it is necessary to be surprised, that only during board dashnak - the period of a 30-month's presence at authority (May 1918-November 1920) 60 % of the Azerbaijan population have been annihilated».

Picturing the gangster groups of the Armenian state which have crushed the Azerbaijan villages on northern bank of Lake Goycha, G.Muradjan writes: «...As a result of the actions which have been lead by our state... The population of these villages (Tokhluja, Aghbulag, Ardanish, etc.) has left borders of Armenia. I saw the villages which have stayed without owners, there except for several cats, and also the dogs surprised with the absolute silence, was nobody. The population of these villages left, having left the big districts of a potato, wheat and barley. The state can receive there from 2 million poods wheat and half-million poods of a potato».

«Other Armenian "heroes" have forced women, mothers and sisters completely to undress and, having removed to beforehand prepared dam, have forced to go before people as goose. These geeks beat women and forced them to remain there for hours. Then have ordered to arrest them. Caused young women and girls to itself at night, offended, and after that gave their security guards».

In August, 1918 in Muslim villages Igdir and districts Echmiadzin massacres have begun. Under the instruction of khmbabet Dro, more than 60 settlements have been crushed, the men of these villages has been cut out almost entirely, and beautiful women – were taken out.

In the beginning of January, 1919 under influence of events in Zangazur, also characterized violent eviction and clarification of territory from Moslems, inhabitants upland parts of this district, in quantity up to 40 thousand persons, ran in limits of Jabrail, Shusha and Javanshir districts of Garabagh and other places of republic.

«... At the end of a summer of 1919 in Vedibasar position of Moslems in southwest Azerbaijan and in Armenia has extremely become aggravated. The most part of Moslems of Armenia due to these events has turned to the refugees deprived home and doomed for all those sufferings who usually are destiny of refugees. After returning in the settlements they together with other part of the Muslim population again were exposed repeatedly to route, houses and the grounds of them have been seized by Turkish Armenians. The number of such destitute, ruined Moslems in Armenia only on Newer - Bayazid, Echmiadzin and to districts Irevan reached 200 thousand persons ».

Representatives of Moslems of province Irevan inform Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Azerbaijan Republic the followings: «Under exact information Andranik, under the pretext of support of Armenians of refugees, with the group goes to province Irevan to the aid of the Armenian armies struggling with Moslems in this province. It threatens Moslems of province Irevans with the big danger, all refugees were Turkish citizens who want to place on the places occupied by Moslems. As the proof that fact can serve this, that from republic Ararat now move Armenians in places occupying with Moslems against will of the last force the weapon, and on this ground there was a true war between Moslems and Armenians».

There are many documents, testifying about what miseries have fallen to a lot of Azerbaijanians of Armenia in 1918-1920 what to mind before death should be taken out incomprehensible tortures to innocent people, is especial to women and children.

«All Muslim villages of 1^st police station of district Sisiyan, the majority of villages of 2^nd site, the most part of villages of 3^rd, 4^th and 5^th sites are completely destroyed. Many villages Armenians have completely razed to the ground and 50000 refugees - Moslems have found a haven in district Jabrayil».

Under certificates of eyewitnesses and official documents, in district Zangazur 115 Muslim villages have been crushed. (In archival documents the list of 115 villages were made - author).

In the named villages 3257 men, 2276 women, 2196 children were killed; 1060 men, 794 women, 425 children were wounded. On all districts 10068 persons of the Muslim population were killed and crippled. However, it is difficult to present, that passional the Armenian terrible atrocities was exact, and consequently these figures should be considerably increased. Hasty flight of Moslems during these terrible collisions in district does not allow count up all victims. However, on the basis of certificates survived it was possible to ascertain, what atrocities were made by Armenians in district.

Destruction of more than hundred villages of Zangazur, the robbery of hundreds thousand heads of cattle, destruction of gardens, fields have finished economy of Muslim district with a beggarly condition, more than 50.000 refugees have found a refuge in villages of Azerbaijan. By simple calculations the damage put to Azerbaijanians has made 1 billion roubles.

The government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in order not to give an opportunity to distribution of a false information about events in Zangazur, had considered necessary to inform the following: «Within almost whole year regarding district Zangazur the various armed gangs consisting of Armenians operated. These gangs terrorized the population and, not recognizing authority of the Azerbaijan government, attacked Muslim settlements, betraying their destruction, ruined the peace population which has been compelled to leave familiar spots, and to wander in searches of a haven on the next districts. Over 60 thousand Muslim refugees continue and to remain still nowadays open-air, testing all horrors of famine and a cold».

«Is it not genocide? The formulation of the United Nations of 1947 says: «the Genocide is not only physical destruction of people or its part, but also creation of those intolerable conditions of a life at which local residents are compelled to leave native places». (Azerbaijanians of Armenia met with it).

"Scotland-Liddel" in article «the Armanian-Tatar agreement. Approach of the world in Garabagh» informs: «When I was in Shusha in January, I have told to one English officer, that I am going to go in district Zangezur to be convinced, in what position there are refugees - Moslems whom was about 40 thousand, all - suffering from Armenians» .

In the list of the Muslim villages crushed and left till March, 1918 in province Irevan, 199 villages (100626 persons), representing 15155 facilities are named. These figures are taken from the Caucasian calendar (1908). In view of an increase in population in 1908-1918, the population of the crushed villages made 135.000 persons.

For last two months 1919 in Echmiad and districts Irevan and Surmalin 96 persons were killed, and all villages in Irevan district (except for Zangibasar).

Because of accord with «historical repetition» the serious situation developed in region within more than eight years, expedient was to result a fragment from the report of the government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic:

... Again formed Azerbaijan government to which had to install the comparative order in the central places, even in the residence, naturally, could not react properly to occurrence in such, as Shusha, Garagin, Javanshir and Zangazur, the remote districts of movements, not having not only physical strength, but also in view of the private termination of the message in the most part of Azerbaijan. Investigation of all, it was non-recognition mostly the Armenian population highland parts of the named districts of the Azerbaijan government and, certainly, the hostile attitude to Moslems, as to supporters of this government. Position has even more become aggravated with occurrence in those places of military Armenian parts under leadership of Andranik, "campaign" which has frankly declared the purpose: tearing away of these territories from Azerbaijan and connection to Armenia. Also, honest-minded people have appeared from the local population, set by the same purpose, but pretty often not disdaining robberies, violence and murders. About 150 Muslim settlements was ruined and plundered in that district, and the weight of refugees a stream has rushed on lowland in Aghdam and other places».

To be silent about bloody tragedies of 1905, means 1918-1920 to be indifferent to continuing still to bleed to not healing wounds. Documents resulted about it, once again prove arguments, that an ethnic animosity, national dissension in general do not give anything to any people. That till 1988 in the historical literature almost was spoken nothing about what disasters were brought to Azerbaijan with an ethnic animosity, the Armenian aggression, at all has not reduced an opposition, on the contrary, has strengthened, having created in the certain degree a basis favorable to it. It is necessary, that the public knew the truth that still proceeding national dissension between Armenians and Azerbaijanians is not necessary neither Azerbaijan, nor Armenian for peoples that in result the peace population perishes and sustains losses only people.

Benefit from it authors of artful plans always have, the governmental circles and is especial instigators, ideologists of an ethnic animosity. It statements of People's Deputies of Armenia of Lyudmila Arutyunyan and Henrikh Igityan on Emergency session of the Supreme Council of the USSR, discussing confirm a question of revolution in the country. L.Arutyunyan, having addressed to the Chairman of a Supreme Council of the USSR A.Lukjanov has resolutely declared: «In kindling all national conflicts, in etching one people on another you are guilty». G.Igityan has even more sharply expressed, having named responsible for innocently precast in the country and including in Garabagh blood, the Secretary General of a Central Committee of the CPSU M.S.Gorbachyov.

Despite of especially subjective attitude to events in MGAR, late academician A.Saharov has precisely determined a unseemly role of the central press in destabilization of national attitudes: «I should note certain "asymmetry" in a role of the Azerbaijan and Armenian party in development of the conflict and biased, in my opinion to opinion, positions of the central authorities - is especial in the first months and the central press».

Up to an establishment of the Soviet authority in Armenia the destiny of the Azerbaijanians living there, has been predetermined by the same policy: to reap bitter fruits of the ethnic animosity, imperial Russia heated that, England, France. Only as a result of slaughter having place two times in the first quarter of a century even by approximate calculations have been killed, became refugees and have suffered various damage about two millions Azerbaijanians. But after November, 1920, having found out about falling dashnak the governments, Azerbaijanians of Armenia have gradually started to come back to the ground of the great-grandfathers, having forgotten the last enmity, began to adjoin again to Armenians, together being engaged in peace work. And if in 1920 in all Armenia was all 10 thousand Azerbaijanians in 1922 together with the come back refugees their number has reached 77.767 persons, and in 1931 - 105.838 persons.

* * *

The new period had also new requirements. On the foreground questions of accommodation in the native centers of the returned Azerbaijanians, their welfare development was put forward. A number of the actions directed on development of culture has been carried out. For struggle against illiteracy, for preparation of the teacher's staff which did not suffice opened schools, in the first years of the Soviet authority in Leninakan, Kirovakan and in Darachichak of short-term rates have been organized.

In the decree signed by chairman of Chairman of National Commissioners Armenian SSR Sarkis Kasyan said that in places of residing of Armenians a state language to count Armenian, and in places of residing of Azerbaijanians - Turkish (Azerbaijan - author.). In places of compact residing Azerbaijanians in Amasiya, Basarkechar, Vadi, Garabaghlar, Zangibasar, districts Krasnoselsky the Azerbaijan language was a state language. In these districts till 1953, that is before mass resettlement of the Azerbaijanians, the first secretaries of district committees of a party and chairmen of district executive committees were Azerbaijanians Ibish Abbasov, Jafar Valibayov, Rza Valibayov, Rza Rzayev, Ali Mammadov, Huseyn Mammadov, Talib Musayev, Hasham Shahbazov, Gulmammad Mammadov, etc.

In districts of the mixed residing Armenians and Azerbaijanians in republic - in Gafan, Echmiad, Yekhegnadzor, Azizbayov, Kalinin, Megrin, Sisiyan, Stepanavan, Ijevan was a private order according to which one of secretaries of a district committee of a party or chairman of a district of executive committee, or his assistant should be the Azerbaijanian.

On supervising posts in party and Soviet bodies in republic there were many Azerbaijanians. Among them chairman of the Commission of small nationalities at the Central Executive committee of Armenia, the assistant to the national commissioner of internal affairs of Armenia Bala Efendiyev, the secretary of Central Committee CP of Armenia Mammad Isgandarov, the head of a department of propagation and propaganda of Central Committee Akber Rzaev, the First Vice-president of the Council of Ministers Rza Velibekov, Minister of Justice of the Republic Safar Almammadov, minister of social security Ali Taghizade, the head of department of roads Huseyin Abdullayev and others.

During all periods of activity of Presidium of the Supreme Council of USSR one of vice-presidents the Azerbaijanians was Armenian. 12-18 deputies of Azerbaijanians participated in work of all convocations of the Supreme Council.

In all villages where Azerbaijanians lived, were open: schools, clubs, libraries, and in the some people and kindergartens. In open in Yerevan pedagogical technical school and pedagogical institute (at faculties historical, philological, language and literatures, geographical, physical and mathematical the Azerbaijan sector and its correspondence branches) prepared the teacher's staff for these schools.

Since 1925, publishing houses of Central Committee of Armenia, the Yerevan city committee of a party set, the Central Executive Committee, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Justice, alongside with books on Armenian, let out also books in the Azerbaijan language. In Yerevan, since 1921, one by one republican newspapers "Ranjbar", "Zangi", «Gizil Shafag» start to leave, "Communist", then "Advice Ermenistan", in six districts (Amasiya, Basarkechar, Vadi, Garabaghlar, Zangibasar, Krasnoselo) are issued the newspapers, and in eight districts - regional newspapers translating into the Azerbaijan language.

In 1922 the Azerbaijan theatre existing in Irevan since April, 10, 1882 is restored, and since 1926 it gets the official status of the State drama theatre. In 1940 for statement "Othello" it becomes the winner of All-Union Shakespearian competition.

After in 1920 of Armenia have been presented primordial Azerbaijan territories - the district Yeni Basarkechar of district Irevan Bajazid of province Vedibasar district, Irevan district and district Ganja-Zangezur province (the general district 9800 km2), at Armenians again has inflamed appetite.

Soon after the end of Great Domestic war in November, 1945 the first secretary of Central Committee CP of Armenia G.Arutyunov in the letter to I.Stalin again lifts a question about Mountainous Garabagh, demanding to transfer this territory of Armenia. I.Stalin has transferred this letter to G.M.Malenkov. That, in turn, for the answer has sent its government of Azerbaijan. M.J. Baghirov has answered this letter witty enough: «Azerbaijan does not object to this offer under one condition that to him have been returned frontier with him, grounds historically belonging to Azerbaijan in Armenian SSR, Georgian SSR and Dagestan АSSR where the majority of the population is made by Azerbaijanians». This answer had been put a point in discussion of the offer of Arutyunov.

The Armenian government started to form new intrigues, trying to transform Armenia in mononational republic. To one of them began the decision of the government on violent resettlement of Azerbaijanians from Armenia.

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